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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd Fychan of Caeo ( 1341 – 1401) was a wealthy Carmarthenshire landowner who was executed in Llandovery by Henry IV of England in punishment for his support of Owain Glyndwr's Welsh rebellion. Until recently Llewelyn was little known even in his home area, but has become celebrated as a "Welsh Braveheart" after a campaign to construct a monument to him in Llandovery. ==Life== The main source for Llewelyn's life is Adam of Usk, who mentions him in his ''Chronicle'' as a "bountiful" member of the Carmarthenshire gentry who used "fifteen pipes of wine" yearly in his household (implying he was both wealthy and a generous host). He continues by stating that as a result of Llewelyn's support for the rebellion, Henry had him drawn, hung, beheaded and quartered before the gate of Llandovery castle on October 9th, 1401 "in the presence of his eldest son" (it is slightly unclear whether Adam is referring to Henry's son or Llewelyn's son at this point).〔Sir Edward M Thompson (ed) ''Chronicon Adæ de Usk'', J. Murray, 1876, p.192〕 After his death his lands were granted to one of Henry's supporters, Gruffydd ap Rhys.〔''The National Library of Wales journal, Volume 21'', 1980, p. 3〕 A more detailed version of the story suggests that Llewelyn was specifically charged with having deliberately led the English forces the wrong way while pretending to guide them to Glyndwr.〔Seward, D. ''Henry V: the scourge of God'', 1988, p.16〕 Adam however states only that Llewelyn "willingly preferred death to treachery".〔Sir Edward M Thompson (ed) ''Chronicon Adæ de Usk'', J. Murray, 1876, p.192〕 Llewelyn is also thought to have had two sons fighting in Glyndwr's forces. While Llewelyn undoubtedly existed, concrete details of his life are scant (it has been stated that all that is known of him is "his name, his politics and his alcohol consumption").〔(Welsh Braveheart walks tall again ), Daily Telegraph, 16/10/2001〕 However, his name and ancestry may be recorded in genealogies: for example Lewys Dwnn's ''Heraldic Visitations'' lists "Llywelyn, Tomas () Morgan meibion (of ) Gwilim ap Llewelyn ap Gruffydd vachan ap Dafydd vongam ap David ap Meurig goch"〔Lewys Dwnn, ''Heraldic visitations of Wales and part of the Marches'', vol I, 1846〕 as holding Mallaen in the parish of Caeo, and traces the family back to Selyf, King of Dyfed. Dwnn also suggests that Llewelyn's wife was Sioned, daughter of one of the Scudamores of Kentchurch, and identifies his sons as Gwilym (of Llangadog) and Morgan.〔Dwnn, p.230〕 His father Gruffydd Fychan (described as "lord of Caeo and Cilycwm")〔Rowland, J. ''The pedigree of the ancient family of Dolau Cothi'', 1877, p.10〕 was recorded as holding the constableship of Caeo in 1359 for the sum of £8 per annum;〔Griffiths, R. A. ''The Principality of Wales in the later Middle Ages: v II, the Structure and Personnel of Government'', UWP, 1972, p.66〕 Gruffydd's wife (and therefore Llewelyn's mother) was said to have been Jonnett, daughter of Gruffydd ap Llewelyn Foethus of Dryslwyn Castle.〔Rowland, J. ''The pedigree of the ancient family of Dolau Cothi'', 1877, p.10〕 Llewelyn's (probable) grandson, Llewelyn ap Gwilym ap Llewelyn, was said by Edward Lhuyd to have lived at the mansion of Neuadd Fawr at Cilycwm, where his "motto over his door was ''Gresso pan dhelech, a chennad pan vynnech, a phan dhelech tra vynnecli trig''"〔Lhuyd, quoted in Fenton, R. ''Tours in Wales (1804–1813)'', p.343〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Llywelyn ap Gruffydd Fychan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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